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Multiplication & Division

Multiplication tables to 10, multiplying and dividing bigger numbers by a 1-digit number, and division with a remainder.

Learn it step by step

All the tables from 2 to 10 are now yours

By P3 you know the multiplication tables of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Knowing these facts quickly (like $7 \times 8 = 56$ ) makes every bigger multiplication and division problem faster.

Multiply a bigger number by breaking it into parts

To multiply $23 \times 4$ , split 23 into $20 + 3$ , multiply each part, then add: $20 \times 4 = 80$ and $3 \times 4 = 12$ , so $23 \times 4 = 92$ .

23 \times 4 = (20 \times 4) + (3 \times 4) = 80 + 12 = 92

Division can leave a remainder

Not every division shares out exactly. $23 \div 4 = 5$ remainder $3$ , because $4 \times 5 = 20$ and $23 - 20 = 3$ is left over. The remainder must always be smaller than the number you are dividing by.

Multiplying and dividing 3-digit numbers uses the same ideas

For $246 \times 3$ , work column by column from the ones, renaming when a column reaches 10 or more, just like in addition: $6 \times 3 = 18$ (write 8, carry 1), and so on.

Two-step word problems can mix multiplication and division

Read for two separate actions. "Buy 5 boxes of 8 pencils, then share them equally among 4 friends" needs a multiplication first (to find the total), then a division.

Look and learn

Work out

34 \times 6

Split 34 into $30 + 4$ .
$30 \times 6 = 180$ and $4 \times 6 = 24$ .
Add: $180 + 24 = 204$ .

Work out

47 \div 5

Find the biggest multiple of 5 that is not more than 47: $5 \times 9 = 45$ .
Remainder: $47 - 45 = 2$ .
$47 \div 5 = 9$ remainder $2$ .

Work out

312 \times 3

Ones: $2 \times 3 = 6$ .
Tens: $1 \times 3 = 3$ .
Hundreds: $3 \times 3 = 9$ .
Answer: $936$ .

A baker makes 6 boxes with 9 buns in each box. He shares all the buns equally among 3 stalls. How many buns does each stall get?

Total buns: $6 \times 9 = 54$ .
Share equally: $54 \div 3 = 18$ .
Each stall gets 18 buns.

Mind map

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